If you’re looking to travel greater distances, engage in more physical activity, or avoid relying on public transportation, yet still desire greater control over the effort required for cycling, an electric bike may be the ideal solution.
An ebike offers electric assistance while pedaling, thanks to a small motor and battery. You can customize the level of assistance you receive, depending on your desired speed, personal fitness level, the length of your journey, and the terrain you’ll be traversing.
There is a growing variety of ebike models available to cater to various individuals, ranging from casual riders to avid mountain bikers, road cyclists, or tourers.
As with any emerging technology, purchasing an electric bike can be a perplexing process. How can you ensure that you select the right bike for your needs? What are the essential factors to consider?
We have addressed 14 of the most significant inquiries regarding ebikes in this comprehensive electric bike guide. Click on one of the links below to directly access your specific question, or continue reading for the complete set of frequently asked questions. Alternatively, you may also check out our buyer’s guide to the top electric bikes.
What is the maximum speed of an electric bike?
In the United Kingdom, the European Union, and Australia, motor assistance is limited to 25kph (15mph). CanyonIn these regions, ebike motors must cease providing assistance once the speed reaches 25kph (15mph). Beyond this speed, you are required to rely solely on your pedal power. However, in the United States, the motor can legally continue to assist up to 32kph (20mph).
If you possess the fitness and stamina to maintain a pace beyond these speeds solely through your own pedaling efforts, or perhaps while descending a slope, there are no restrictions on going faster. Nevertheless, it is crucial to ensure that you maintain full control, as the additional weight of an electric bike can lengthen braking distances compared to a conventional pedal-powered bicycle.
Certain ebikes are specifically designed with this in mind. The Endurace:ON AL by Canyon, for instance, incorporates longer chainstays and features disc brakes with 160mm rotors in an attempt to enhance stability during descents.
Some ebikes offer higher speeds and more powerful motors
Some ebikes are specifically designed to achieve speeds exceeding 25kph (15mph) and are equipped with more powerful motors. However, it’s important to note that ebikes with these features are legally classified as mopeds. In such designs, the motor output is controlled by a twist-grip ‘throttle’ located on the handlebars.
Licence, Insurance, and Safety
In both the UK and EU, riding these types of ebikes requires certain legal obligations. Firstly, you must possess a valid licence and have the appropriate insurance coverage. Furthermore, wearing a helmet is mandatory, and you must also ensure that the relevant vehicle taxes have been paid.
- For comprehensive information on electric bike insurance, click here
Understanding Pedal Assistance on Electric Bikes
To clarify, an ebike offers pedal assistance rather than complete motor domination. Simply put, an ebike assists your pedalling efforts instead of taking over entirely. It’s important to note that if the motor alone propels the bike without any pedal input, it is then classified as a moped, which we will discuss further in the following question.
When it comes to pedal assistance, ebikes are equipped with a torque sensor integrated into their drivetrain. This sensor measures the amount of force the rider applies to the pedals. Consequently, the motor’s output is regulated accordingly, ensuring it does not overpower the rider. This system ensures that power is delivered in a controlled manner, aligning with your individual riding style.
The Benefits of Personalized Assistance
With an ebike, you have the ability to determine the level of assistance you desire. For example, Canyon’s Spectral:ON e-mountain bike provides three different levels of assistance, which can be easily adjusted using a controller positioned on the left side of the handlebar. This feature allows you to select a higher level of support when conquering challenging trails, while conserving battery life on easier terrains.
By utilizing the motor’s assistance, you’ll experience a significant decrease in physical exertion. Opting for the highest assistance level enables you to maintain a decent speed without breaking a sweat, making it ideal for commuting without arriving at your destination drenched.
On the other hand, if you prefer a more intensive workout or wish to extend the range of your ride, selecting a lower assistance level will require greater effort on your part. Additionally, during your ride, you have the flexibility to switch between assistance levels using the controller located on the handlebars or frame. This allows you to tailor your riding experience to match your mood, the terrain, or your personal fitness level on any given day.
Do I require a driving license to operate an ebike on public roads?
If you are 14 years or older in England, Scotland, and Wales, you are permitted to ride an electric bike on the roads without the need for tax, insurance, or a license. However, it is advisable to have insurance coverage for personal accidents and damages caused to third parties. Wearing a helmet is not mandatory by law.
All the aforementioned regulations are applicable to a regular electric bike or an EAPC (electrically assisted pedal cycle). These bikes require pedaling and have motors that provide assistance of up to 250 watts. The motor is speed limited to 25kph (15mph).
An electric bike does not have a throttle like a motorcycle. Instead, the power output from the motor depends on the strength of your pedal strokes and the chosen level of assistance.
Any ebike that does not meet the EAPC criteria is classified as a moped or a motorcycle. Riding such vehicles requires them to be registered, taxed, and insured. Additionally, wearing a crash helmet is mandatory.
In Northern Ireland, ebikes were previously categorized as mopeds and necessitated a license. It was also required to register, tax, and insure them, and display the registration mark before riding them on public roads.
However, from 13th May 2020, the regulations in Northern Ireland have been revised to align with the rest of the UK. Now, tax, insurance, and a license are no longer mandatory for riding ebikes in Northern Ireland.Click here for more information on the updated regulations in Northern Ireland.
Different countries have different rules regarding ebikes, so it is advisable to familiarize yourself with the local regulations.
What is the typical battery life of a fully charged ebike?
Every bike brand provides an estimated battery life for their specific models. However, the actual battery performance in real-world conditions depends on various factors. These factors include the type of bike, battery capacity, ambient temperature, and your usage patterns. A physically fit rider on flat roads or trails might rely on motor assistance sparingly, while a less fit rider navigating hilly terrain would require assistance from the motor more frequently.
With a legal cut-off of assistance at 25kph (around 15mph) in many countries, road riders could easily surpass this speed without utilizing the motor, while mountain bikers on technical trails will rely on their motors to a greater extent.
In a nutshell, the range of your electric bike depends on your fitness level, riding style, and the terrain you traverse. As an illustrative example, Canyon asserts that both its new Endurace:ON AL road bike and Grand Canyon:ON cross-country mountain bike can cover distances of up to 100km on a single charge.
According to Canyon, the battery of the Roadlite:ON hybrid commuter bike will endure for up to eight hours, while the Pathlite:ON e-trekking bike, with the optional second battery, can transport you up to 150km.
How can I recharge my ebike?
Most ebike batteries can be easily detached for charging. When purchasing your ebike from Canyon, it will come with a power adaptor and cable to connect to a mains power source. There is a socket on the battery where you attach the cable. In some electric bikes, you may need to fully or partially remove the battery to plug it in, while in others, there is a built-in socket on the frame as well.
If you don’t have access to a power outlet near where you park your ebike, many systems allow you to quickly and conveniently remove the battery and take it indoors or somewhere closer to a mains socket.
The charging time for your ebike will depend on the battery capacity and the charger utilized. Canyon claims that the battery of its new Endurace:ON AL electric road bike can be fully charged in 3.5 hours.
The Neuron:ON alloy eMTB takes approximately 7.5 hours to charge completely, with an 80 percent charge achieved in 4 hours. Using a fast charger, which is often available for separate purchase, can halve these timeframes.
Are electric bikes heavier than regular bikes?
An electric bike necessitates a motor and a battery, which inherently contribute to its heavier weight compared to a standard bike. Additionally, an electric bike is likely to be constructed more robustly and feature sturdier components to accommodate the extra power derived from the motor.
Why are electric bikes heavier than standard bikes?
While the technology for electric bikes is advancing rapidly and these bikes are getting lighter over time, they still tend to be several kilograms heavier than traditional bikes. For example, Canyon’s new Spectral:ON full-suspension carbon mountain bike, which is an electric bike, weighs 21.4kg in its top specification, whereas the flagship non-electric Spectral bike weighs only 12.70kg. This weight difference is mainly because of the motor and battery that electric bikes have, as well as the assistance they offer.
The Canyon Pathlite:ON trekking ebike is another example. Depending on the specific model and specifications, its weight ranges from 21kg to 27kg, while the standard Pathlite bike without an electric motor weighs at least 11kg. So, there is a considerable weight increase due to the additional electric components.
However, it is worth noting that not all ebikes are significantly heavier than standard road bikes. Some high-end carbon ebikes like the Ribble Endurance SLe and the Wilier Cento1Hy weigh around 11kg, which is comparable to the weight of non-electric road bikes. Moreover, the Canyon Endurace:ON AL, an alloy ebike priced at £2,999, weighs 15kg, which is still reasonably lightweight considering its electric features.
Why are electric bikes generally more expensive?
When comparing the prices of electric cars and traditional fuel-powered cars, it is evident that electric vehicles come with a higher price tag. The same principle applies to electric bikes. One of the primary reasons for their higher cost is the inclusion of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, similar to those used in electric cars.
The materials required for battery production, such as lithium and cobalt, are expensive and the supply of these minerals is limited. This scarcity contributes to the overall cost of electric bikes, just as it does for electric cars. Additionally, most ebikes are equipped with high-quality hydraulic disc brakes to ensure efficient braking, which further adds to the price of these bikes.
The Factors Affecting Electric Bike Prices
It’s not only the batteries that contribute to the cost of electric bikes. You are also paying for the motor, its controller, display hardware, and the overall complexity of the machine. Additionally, bike brands often use more durable and expensive components, such as heavier duty drivetrains and stronger wheels, to accommodate the extra power from the motor. Furthermore, given the increased weight of electric bikes, effective stopping is crucial, which is why most ebikes come equipped with high-end hydraulic disc brakes.
Why Do Electric Bikes Vary in Price?
When it comes to ebike systems, Bosch, Shimano, and Fazua dominate the market. Shimano’s ebike platform, known as Steps, offers five different versions designed for city, trekking, and mountain bike riding. On the other hand, Fazua’s system is highly popular among electric road bikes.
The answer to the question above lies in the size of the battery. A larger battery with a greater range will naturally come at a higher price.
Expanding Your Electric Bike’s Range
For instance, Canyon’s Pathlite:ON offers the option of one or two batteries as standard, giving you the flexibility to choose your desired range.Click here to learn more.
If you upgrade from the Pathlite:ON 7.0 to the 8.0 model, not only will your range double, but the price will also increase from £2,800 to £4,100, reflecting the added benefits.
Keep in mind that budget-friendly models often come with smaller batteries, which can limit their overall range.
Component Differences Among Ebikes
It’s important to note that there may be variations in components between different ebike models. Higher-priced options typically feature top-quality parts sourced from renowned brands like Shimano, Fazua, and Bosch – the leading players in the ebike systems market.
Additionally, investing in an ebike from a reputable manufacturer is advisable. These companies rigorously test their designs and collaborate with electric component manufacturers to address any potential issues before bringing their products to market. Besides, opting for a well-known brand ensures that you’ll receive reliable support and a comprehensive warranty for your peace of mind.
Travelling with Your Ebike
The rules and regulations for transporting electric bikes vary depending on your chosen mode of transport. Let’s explore some common scenarios:
Travelling by Train
In general, train operating companies treat ebikes similarly to regular bicycles. However, it’s worth noting that some trains might require you to reserve a slot for your bike, especially during peak hours. Also, be aware that handling heavier ebikes weighing around 20kg or more can be challenging when boarding trains. Some trains have hanging racks, which can pose difficulties as well.
Buses and Ebikes
Taking your ebike on a bus can be complex. While some buses have external bike racks at the back, most do not, making it unlikely that you’ll be able to bring your ebike onboard unless it is foldable.
Air Travel Restrictions
International regulations impose limitations on the carriage of batteries for air travel. Typically, batteries with a capacity of up to 100Wh are allowed, and pre-authorization may permit batteries up to 160Wh. However, electric bike batteries usually exceed these limits. Always check with your airline before flying to ensure compliance with their specific guidelines.
Fortunately, an increasing number of popular cycling destinations now offer battery rental services. This allows you to fly with your ebike while leaving your own battery at home, and upon arrival, you can rent a battery for temporary use.
Debunking the “Cheating” Misconception
Should ebike riders be accused of “cheating” or treated as motorcycle enthusiasts? Let’s set the record straight.
The primary purpose of electric bikes is to enhance the overall biking experience. They provide riders with the joy of exploring greater distances and offer assistance when tackling challenging slopes. However, for the majority of ebike users, the motor’s extra power will not miraculously transform them into professional athletes. Instead, it enhances the enjoyment of cycling, enabling riders to go further and conquer hills with ease.
Many riders will be interested in using their electric bikes for shopping or commuting. This is because having an electric bike can make these activities much easier. With an electric bike, carrying loads becomes less effortful and starting from traffic lights becomes more convenient. Additionally, riding with friends who are more physically fit becomes more enjoyable with the assistance of an ebike.
It’s important to note that electric bikes have certain limitations. They are designed with a maximum power limit of 250 watts and a speed limit of 25kph (15mph). This means that they don’t perform at the same level as mopeds or motorcycles. Therefore, it is appropriate for them to be treated differently.
Can you ride an electric bike with a flat battery?
Electric bikes offer various modes with different levels of assistance. The answer is yes, you can ride an ebike even if the battery runs out during your ride. Some systems, like Fazua’s, have software that limits the output to conserve battery life when it’s running low. This allows for continued assistance at a diminished level, which can help you get home.
Even if your battery still has enough charge, most electric bikes have a setting that allows you to turn off the motor while riding. So, if you’re willing to ride without any assistance, you can preserve the battery level this way.
Keep in mind that electric bikes are generally heavier than regular bikes. Therefore, relying solely on pedal power can be challenging, especially on flat terrains or when faced with uphill slopes.
Considering this, it’s always a good idea to ensure that your electric bike has enough charge for your planned ride. Many systems provide estimated range figures based on the battery’s status, which can help you plan your journeys accordingly.
How long do electric bike batteries last and can they be recycled?
Electric bike batteries, specifically lithium-ion batteries, can be charged and discharged hundreds of times. For example, Shimano’s Steps system, as used on the Canyon Spectral:ON, can go through more than 1,000 charge cycles without experiencing performance degradation.
Over time, an electric bike battery may lose some of its capacity, resulting in a slightly reduced range. However, this is unlikely to significantly impact most users.
The battery and motor’s power output should not change over time. Therefore, the battery should outlast many mechanical components of the bike.
As electric bike batteries contain valuable metals, such as cobalt, and their usage is increasing, there is an emerging recycling industry to handle these batteries. Electric bike batteries are more attractive to recyclers due to their larger capacity compared to batteries found in mobile phones, for example.
What are watt hours (Wh) and how do they affect an electric bike’s range?
Watt hours, or Wh, refer to the energy capacity of an electric bike’s battery. It provides an indication of the likely range the bike can achieve.
The Wh rating also represents the continuous power output the battery can provide for one hour. For instance, a 250Wh battery can deliver 250 watts of assistance for an hour, 125 watts for two hours, and so on. However, real-world riding rarely demands such a consistent power output from the ebike’s battery.
Ultimately, the range an electric bike can cover on a single charge depends on various factors. These include the terrain, weather conditions, rider effort, and the selected assistance level.
A fit rider who chooses a low assistance level on flat roads will achieve a greater range than a less fit rider tackling hilly routes while carrying additional weight and utilizing maximum motor assistance. All of these factors influence the load placed on the battery.
According to Canyon’s estimates, their Pathlite:ON model, powered by a 500Wh battery, can cover approximately 75km. This is based on a rider weighing about 75kg, pedaling at 45rpm, and traveling at a speed of 22kph.
How can I secure my electric bike?
Ensuring the security of an electric bike requires similar precautions to those of a regular bike. This includes using a strong lock, ideally one with a Sold Secure gold rating, to secure both the wheels and frame. The lock should also be attached to an immovable object. It’s especially important to store your electric bike in a secure location due to its higher value.
Some electric bike systems provide companion mobile phone apps that allow you to track your bike’s location and may even detect unauthorized movement.
The battery of an electric bike is also a target for thieves. Most models with removable batteries, such as those from Canyon, come with a lock and key to secure the battery to the frame.
Given the high value of electric bikes, they are unfortunately often targeted by thieves. It is worth investing in a good lock, being cautious about where you park your bike, and considering insurance for added protection.
